Наследие Хиросимы - Эдвард Теллер

Hoffmann, Frederic de, 50, 52 Holloway, Marshall, 32, 41, 53 Hydrogen bomb, 22-23, 34-57; authorization, 46; Berkeley summer session, 38-39; Brown, Harold, work of, 66; delays, 42-45; design, 47-50; deuterium, 37-38; disinterest in, 41-42; first, 53, 55; General Advisory Committee report, 43-46; Greenhouse, Project, 49-52; inspiration for, 34-35; Konopinski, work of, 38, 39, 41; Livermore Laboratory, 58-76; Los Alamos Laboratory, 39-41; Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, 46-56; “Mike,” 55; Oppenheimer’s refusal to work on, 41, 43, 46; Princeton conference, 52-53; radioactivity, 103-4; 175; Russia’s first, 65; shelter against, 248; shock wave, 190, 191; Teller, work of, 22-23, 47, 50; tests, 49-52, 55-56, 62-63, 65; tritium, 39; work of, 47-48; See also Thermonuclear energy

ICBM: anti-missile missiles, 128, 129; decoys, 128; defense system, 128-29, 238; forerunners, 125; “hard” stations, 203; launching sites, 127, 130, 203; Minuteman, 202; mobile, 127; orbit of, 128; Polaris, 127-28, 202; time, flight, 237, 245 Industrial Revolution, 80, 303 Interim Committee on nuclear policy, 14-15 Isotopes, 113-16

Japan: decision to bomb without warning, 14-15; Inner Cabinet deliberations, 19; peace negotiations, 18-19; Potsdam Declaration, 19; surrender of, 22; ultimatum to, 19 Johnson, Gerald, 72, 81-82 Johnson, Montgomery, 65-66 Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy, 45; on Fuchs, 27; purpose of, 217 Joliot, Frederic, 10, 211, 212

Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute, 11 Karman, Theodore von, 7 Keller, Dr. Harry, 70 Kennedy, President, 260 Konopinski, Emil: hydrogen bomb, work on, 38, 39, 41 Konoye, Prince Fumimaro, 18-19 Korean War, 267-68

Lamarck, 304 Landshoff, Rolf, 48 Latter, Albert, 195-96 Lawrence, Ernest O., 61, 69-70; Conference of Experts, 72; death of, 73; disarmament, work on, 67; Interim Committee advisory panel member, 14-15; Radiation Laboratory, head of, 62

Lawrence, William H., 17 Leeuwenhoek, 302 LeMay, General Curtis E., 230 Libby, Willard, 61; fallout study, 175, 180

Lilienthal, David E.: Acheson-Lilienthal Report, 25-27; Board of Consultants, head of, 25 Limited warfare, non-nuclear, 268-69; example, 270-72; Korea, lessons of, 267-68 Limited warfare, nuclear, 204, 236-37; clean explosives, use of, 287; commandos, role of, 274-75, 281-82, 287-88; concentration of forces in, 269, 283; destruction, extent of, 280-82; example, 272-76; expansion of, 279-80; guerilla forces, role of, 283-85; massive retaliation, 234; objections to, 277; possibility of, 287; preparation for, 286-89; president, role of the, 286; psychological barrier against, 288-89; second-strike force, role of, 280; supply system, 282; targets, 281-82; territorial limitations, 277-80; vs. conventional warfare, 282; weapons, 277-79. See also War, nuclear Linnaeus, 302

Livermore Laboratory, 58-61, 67-68; computer problems, 63-64; organization, 74; Plowshare, Project, 82-85; scope of work, 73-74; staff, number on, 73; Teller as director of, 69-76; tests, 62-66, 71-72; weapons development, 66

Longmire, Conrad, 53 Los Alamos Laboratory, 5-7, 15-18; establishment of, 39; hydrogen bomb, work on, 39-41 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, 22, 46

Lovett, Robert A., Secretary of Defense, 61

McCone, John, 75 McMahon, Senator Brien, 44-45 Magnetic bottle, 62, 117-18, 140 Malthus, Thomas Robert, 94 Manley, John, 41, 44 Mark, Carson, 49, 51, 53 Mars, 137-38 Marshall Plan, 79 Marvin, Cloyd, Jr., 41 Massive retaliation, 42; checkmating of, 233; Dulles, John Foster, 230; fear of using, 230; justification of, 261-62; and limited warfare, 234. See also Retaliation Materialism, 305 May, Allan Nunn, 29 Metallurgical Laboratory, 37, 38, 100

Metric system, 150-52 Metropolis, Nicholas, 41 “Mike,” 55

Mills, Mark, 66-67, 70-71 Minuteman, 202 Missile gap, 125-27, 129 Missiles. See ICBMs Mutations, 115, 181 Mutual deterrence, 233-35

Nagasaki, 22, 27 NATO, 216-17, 294 Naval Research Laboratory, 49 Neumann, John von, 7, 41, 126 New Mexican , Santa Fe, 5-6 Newton, 301-2 Nordheim, Lothar, 53 Nuclear energy: the atom, 98; Bohr, work of, 8-9; chain reaction, 9-10, 99-100; Fermi, work of, 9; fission, 98-99; peaceful uses of, 81-95; Szilard, work of, 9-10. See also Atomic bomb, Plowshare, Thermonuclear energy

Nuclear explosions: in the atmosphere, 190-91; big-hole theory, 194-96; camouflaging, 192-93; clean, 68, 83, 85-86; contamination from, 174; decoupling, 194-98; detecting, 190-201; diffusion blasting, 86; peaceful uses of, 81-95; in space, 198-99; underground, 82-83; 191-96; underwater, 191. See also Nuclear weapons, Plowshare, Testing

Nuclear gap, 204-5

Nuclear reactors: Argonne Laboratory, 101-2; in automobiles, 108; breeder reactor, 112; chain reaction, controlled, 99-100; Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, 224; costs, 98, 110-12; danger of atomic explosion, 103; danger from radiation, 103-4; declassification of work on, 224; design, 104; first, 98; fission, 116; fuel, 111; fusion, 116-20; industry, private, 109-10; in locomotives, 108; Metallurgical Laboratory, 100; mobile, 106-8; neutron generation, 103; Oak Ridge Laboratory, 101; in planes, 107; publication of information on, 221; radioactivity from, 103-4; safety precautions, 104-7; school, 101; secrecy, 100-1; in ships, 107; Smyth Report, 215; stationary, 106; in submarines, 106-7; time required to build, 98; waste products, 110-11, 112-13

Nuclear submarines, 127-28, 202, 203

Nuclear weapons: Acheson-Lilienthal Report, 25-27; lead in, 204-5; lightweight, 74, 202-4; in limited warfare, 277-89; Minuteman, 202; number of, 202; Polaris, 202; in satellites, possibility of, 129-30; sharing, 206-7; tactical, 204-5, 278; weight of, 203-4. See also War, nuclear and Weapons development

Oak Ridge Laboratory, 101 Ogle, William, 49 On the Beach , Shute, 239-42 “Open Sky” inspection, 133, 246 Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 13-14, 23, 37-38, 231-32; Board of Consultants, 25; General Advisory Committee, head of, 43; on Hiroshima, 41; hydrogen bomb, refusal to work on, 46; Interim Committee advisory panel member, 14-15; Los Alamos Laboratory, director of, 13, 39; thermonuclear energy, work in, 40-41; Weapons Committee chairman, 52

Optimism, 79-80, 95. See also Plowshare

Overpopulation, 94-95

Peace Corps, 291-92 Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Conference on, 109, 124, 215, 224

Peierls, Rudolph, 28 Pessimism, 79, 94-95; 241, 242-43 Pinson, Colonel Ernest A., 70 Plowshare, Project: clean explosives, 85-86; diamond powder, 89; diffusion blasting, 86; engineering, geographical, 84-85, 86-87; fallout, 85; fusion explosives 91-92; harbors, 84-86; heat storage, 89; mining, 86, 87; naming of, 82; nuclear energy, peaceful uses of, 81-95; oil extraction, 88; potentialities, 84-93; radioactivity,